A Staining Method for Marking Large Numbers of Small Fish

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Numbers

scholarly journals Contributions to the biology of the mackerel, Scomber scombrus L. III. Age and growth

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Steven
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Massachusetts Bay ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Young Of The Year

The first serious attempt to determine the age and growth rate of the common mackerel (Scomber scombrus L.) appears to have been made by Captain Atwood in 1856 (quoted by Brown Goode, 1884, p. 116) in the Massachusetts Bay area of northern North America. Small fish caught by Atwood in October of that year measuring 6½–7 in. in length (16.5–17.5 cm.) he believed to be the young of the year (i.e. they belonged to the O-group). Mackerel belonging to this group he calls ‘spikes’. ‘Blinks', ‘tinkers’ and ‘second size’ fish he assigns to the I-, II- and III-year age groups respectively, but unfortunately gives no data as to the sizes of those categories, merely stating that everyone well acquainted with mackerel makes the same groupings ‘as there seems to be a line of demarkation between the different kinds which stands out prominently’. Sixteen years later, on 27 July 1872, Malm (1877, p. 409) observed large numbers of small mackerel close inshore in the Gullmarfjord near Christineberg. Several tons of those mackerel were enclosed in a seine, but only ten specimens were retained as all the others escaped through the meshes. These ten fish ranged in length from 67 to 100 mm. and Malm surmised their age to be 13 months. Collett (1880, p. 18) stated that on the coast of Norway I-year-old mackerel are ‘fingerlang’. To fish of 20 cm., taken at the end of August, he ascribed (without supporting data) an age of 2 years, with sexual maturity supervening at 3 years at an unspecified length.

scholarly journals Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Choate
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
Water Bugs

The heteropteran family Belostomatidae contains the giant water bugs. These large, predatory, aquatic insects have the largest body size among the Heteroptera. Adults of some South American species reach 4 inches in length. Individuals occur in ponds and ditches where they suspend below the surface, respiring through two abdominal appendages which act as siphons. During mating season they fly from pond to pond or pool of water. It is during these flights that these insects fly to lights in large numbers, earning their other common name, "electric light bugs". Individuals are capable of inflicting a painful bite with their strong beak, and may also pinch with their front legs. Individuals prey on aquatic insects, small fish, frogs, tadpoles, small birds, and other organisms they are able to capture. Powerful enzymes are injected into prey to kill them. Adults of Lethocerus are considered a delicacy in Asia, and are eaten both fresh and cooked. This document is EENY-301, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2003. Revised: October 2003. EENY-301/IN578: Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) (ufl.edu)

The biology of harpacticoid copepods in the meiofauna of shallow subtidal sands

1986 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
B. L. S. Hardy ◽  
P. R. O. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
Viable Sperm ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Distinct Period

SynopisAn account is given of the benthic harpacticoid copepods of a medium grade subtidal sand at a depth of 8–5 m (below chart datum) off the Ayrshire coast at Hunterston. It is the first account of seasonal changes in subtidal harpacticoids in the Firth of Clyde.Most of the population is restricted to the top 1 cm layer of sand and this is considered to be related to food availability. There were considerable variations in total densities with largest numbers occurring in late June, as seawater temperatures increased rapidly towards the summer maxima.Two species examined in detail, Asellopsis hispida and Harpacticus flexus each had one distinct period of reproduction during the year. Gravid females appeared first during the coldest months (January and February) followed by large numbers of copepodites from late April to June, culminating in large numbers of adults in June. Adult males clasped female stages only in May and June, after the main period of egg production. It is thought that viable sperm is carried by the adult females for about six to seven months, supposedly until the next period of egg production the following year. Adults of Harpacticus flexus are thought to be an important source of food for juvenile and small fish, particularly during July.

Nassariid whelks hitch-hiking on Cancer pagurus: phoresis, commensalism or fouling?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Davenport ◽  
Sheila McCullough ◽  
Robert W. Thomas ◽  
Luke Harman ◽  
Rob McAllen
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Nassarius Reticulatus ◽  
Lough Hyne ◽  
Swimming Crabs

The behavioural responses of scavenging animals to mackerel (Scomber scombrus) baits were studied by short-term video photography in shallow water (16–18 m depth) at Lough Hyne, Ireland. Earliest arrivals (after seconds/minutes) at baits were small fish or swimming crabs (Liocarcinus depurator), followed by crawling portunid crabs. After tens of minutes, juvenile whelks 2–4 mm shell length (Nassarius reticulatusand/orNassarius incrassatus) sometimes arrived to feed. They moved at a mean speed of 1.24 (SD 0.392) mm s−1. After tens of minutes or hours, single large scavengers arrived, consuming most of the bait; the most common of these wereCancer pagurusthat fed in a wasteful fashion, generating large quantities of mackerel scraps.Cancer pagurusmoved into view at a mean speed of 48.7 (SD 16.9) mm s−1(39 times the whelk speed). A single individual ofC. pagurus(197 mm carapace width) arrived at a bait carrying 24 juvenile whelks on the dorsal surface of its carapace. No whelks were present on walking legs or chelipeds. The crab fed for 6.8 min and 3 whelks fell off before it departed. The nature of this crab/whelk association is discussed; on balance it appears that it is a previously unreported example of phoresy/phoresis. No whelks were observed being carried by other edible crabs or upon large numbers of scavenging portunid crabs.

scholarly journals The necessity of the rearing of non-commercial aquatic species in Austria, and prerequisites for the similar situation in Russia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Popov ◽  
Clemens Gumpinger
Keyword(s):  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Freshwater Pearl Mussel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Native Crayfish

The general dramatic decline of biodiversity is progressing even faster in aquatic habitats. Highly specialized species living in a narrow ecological niche are on the edge of extinction or have already died out. But not only species with a complex life-cycle that often depend on host species, or animals and plants that need a pristine environment are at risk. In Austria and other European countries, even species that used to be common and abundant until recently have turned out to be endangered or even on the edge of extinction when subject of thorough investigation. This development has sped up in the past few decades because of various reasons. In most cases, there is not just a single reason for the decline, it is rather the combination of habitat loss, climate change and intensified utilization of the catchment areas that leads to combined effects that often actually intensify each other. In Austria the decline of freshwater mussels, all native crayfish species, lampreys and several small fish species is so dramatic that artificial rearing is required to prevent their extinction. In Russia such measures are not realized yet in most cases, though similar processes of environmental degradation and intensification of land use are taking place. The awareness of the latter has led to the knowledge that certain prominent and well-surveyed species like the freshwater pearl mussel do need serious conservation measures regardless of their still large numbers. The bigger part of the endangered species, however, still remain unexplored in the context of conservation biology. This paper presents a review of recent studies in this field. Refs 26.

Observations on the Food of Macquarie Perch, Macquaria australasica (Pisces : Percichthyidae), in Victoria

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Cadwallader ◽  
AK Eden
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Terrestrial Origin ◽  
Large Numbers

The basic food of 204 Macquarie perch taken from Hughes Creek, the Seven Creeks River System (tributaries of the Goulburn River), and the Mitta Mitta River, Victoria, consisted of Coleoptera, Diptera (particularly Chironomidae), Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Secondary food comprised Crustacea, Hemiptera, Odonata and Mollusca; other items were considered incidental. Items of terrestrial origin formed an insignificant part of the diet. Large numbers (up to 1530) of food organisms were frequently found in the stomachs and many different food types were usually present in any one stomach. Large fish (SL range 115-287 mm) fed on a greater diversity of food types than small fish (SL range 46-65 mm). Laboratory observations indicate that Macquarie perch ingest food by a sucking action.

Diet, growth and movements of juvenile crocodiles Crocodylus porosus Schneider in the Klias River, Sabah, Malaysia

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah ◽  
Robert B. Stuebing
Keyword(s):  
Small Fish ◽  
Release Point ◽  
Calculated Density ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Site ◽  
Area Percentage ◽  
North Western

ABSTRACTA total of 14 spotlight surveys were carried out from January 1992 to February 1993 along 37 km of the Klias River in north-western Sabah, Malaysia. Surveys were at low tide between 1900 and 0600 h from a survey boat at 15 km h−1 by two observers. A total of 221 sightings were made, which varied between 2 and 29 per survey (mean 15.8). A total of 55 juvenile crocodiles were captured, with 16 recaptures. Calculated density was 0.9–1.8 individuals km−1, while the estimated crocodile population was 46.1 ± 10.2 (SD) for the survey area. Percentage sightings according to total length were: 42% ≤0.5 m; 40% >0.5-≤1.0 m; 5% > 1.0-≤3.0; and 13% eyes only. Recapture of 16 tagged juveniles suggested that hatchlings ≤0.5 m total length remained within >0.5 km of their release point for at least one month, and juveniles 0.5-≤1.0 m more than one year. Hatchlings had growth rates between 0.01 and 0.08 cm d−1 and 0.3 and 1.5 g d−1, while larger juveniles grew at least 0.11 cm d−1 and 2.7–2.9 g d−1. Stomachs of hatchlings and juveniles contained crabs (Ocypodidae), prawns (Atyidae), insects and small fish (Hemiramphidae). Relatively large numbers of juvenile Crocodylus porosus (82.4%) in the Klias River suggests that the area, though under hunting pressure, is desirable as a site for the conservation of C. porosus in the Sabah.

Ultrastructure and Staining of Developing Elastic Tissue

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
E. N. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
New Born

Silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate (Ag-TPPS) was synthesized in this laboratory and used as an electron dense stain for elastic tissue (Fig 1). The procedures for the synthesis of tetraphenylporphine sulfonate and the staining method for mature elastic tissue have been described previously.The fine structure of developing elastic tissue was observed in fetal and new born rat aorta using tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, phosphotungstic acid, uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The newly forming elastica consisted of two morphologically distinct components. These were a central amorphous and a peripheral fibrous. The ratio of the central amorphous and the peripheral fibrillar portion changed in favor of the former with increasing age.It was also observed that the staining properties of the two components were entirely different. The peripheral fibrous component stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate while the central amorphous portion demonstrated no affinity for these stains. On the other hand, the central amorphous portion of developing elastic fibers stained vigorously with silver tetraphenylporphine sulfonate, while the fibrillar part did not (compare figs 2, 3, 4). Based upon the above observations it is proposed that developing elastica consists of two components that are morphologically and chemically different.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

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